Preliminary Lessons from Ukraine's Offensive Operations, 2022–23 (англ.)

Executive Summary 1
Introduction 4
I. The Operational Context 7
II. The Ukrainian Offensive of 2023 19
III. Assessing the Causes of Failure 27
A Lack of Surprise 30
Inadequate Force Generation 31
Deficiencies in Planning 32
IV. Identifying Emerging Tactical Challenges 35
Pervasive Observation and Precision Fires 36
Electromagnetic Battlespace Management 37
Accelerated Capability Refresh Cycles 38
Diversification of Last-Mile Resupply 39
Vulnerability of Critical Enablers 41
Conclusion 43
About the Authors 45