Говоримо автентичною англійською

CONTENTS
PREFACE 4
SECTION 1: DIFFICULTIES INVOLVING ENGLISH
VOCABULARY 7
Selected words and phrases 7
Cultural issues and language 50
Addressing people 50
Expressing congratulations 55
Expressing regret 56
‘False friends’ 57
SECTION 2: SELECTED GRAMMAR PROBLEMS 72
Verb tenses 72
Sequence of tenses 73
Modal verbs 73
Gerunds 76
Articles 77
Pronouns 80
Adverbs and adjectives 82
Prepositions 83
Numbers 84
Negations 69
Contractions 87
Subjects and objects in the sentence 90
Word order 91
Punctuation 92
SECTION 3: PRONUNCIATION ISSUES 94
Phonetic transcription 94
‘Received Pronunciation’ vs. American English pronunciation 96
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Difficulties with consonant sounds 97
Devoicing voiced consonants in the final position 97
Specific consonants and consonant sequences 98
Difficulties with vowel sounds 104
Specific vowel sounds 105
Vowels in unstressed syllables 107
Transitions from one vowel sound to another 108
Stress shift 109
Word stress 110
Intonation 110
Some techniques for teaching English pronunciation 112
APPENDICES 114
Appendix 1. Table of phonetic symbols 114
Appendix 2. Contrasting BrE and AmE 119
A. Spelling differences 120
B. Pronunciation differences 122
C. Grammatical differences 128
D. Lexical differences 129
Contrastive BrE/AmE vocabulary 129
Words used in both BrE and AmE but with differing meanings 142
BrE/AmE word groups 148
Minor differences 154
Appendix 3. Words which have different stress patterns for different functions 156
Appendix 4. Nouns which are only singular or only plural (English vs.
Ukrainian) 158
Appendix 5. Verbs followed by infinitives or gerunds 160
Appendix 6. Terms associated with academic institutions and education:
English and Ukrainian 162
BIBLIOGRAPHY 190
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