Христина Меренюк » "Тournaments" and "games" in Rus': tradition or single mentions? (англ.)
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"Тournaments" and "games" in Rus': tradition or single mentions? (англ.)
Стаття
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| Написано: |
2021 року |
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| Джерело: |
inst-ukr.lviv.ua |
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| Розділ: |
Історична |
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| Твір додано: |
19.05.2022 |
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| Твір змінено: |
19.05.2022 |
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| Завантажити: |
pdf
див.
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| Опис: |
The tournament culture in Rus` has been known
since the XII century. Early fights of the X-XI centuries in their content
are classic judicial combats. We are talking about fights in 993 and 1022.
However, since the middle XII century, we can talk about the spread of
games among the Rus` elite. Thus, Hypatian chronicles periodically pay
attention to the tactics of Rus` military elites and some of the chronicle
descriptions can be qualified as mentions of mount ed shock combat - a
tactical and technical method of cavalry attack, in which horsemen strike
with spears strictly horizontally. This type of combats was characteristic
of the participants of the tournament called joust. In 1151, the Hypatian
Chronicle described the mount ed shock combat of hostile dukes on the
enemy’s battle formations. It has been proven that it is quite difficult to
“break” a spear that was not intended for a ram strike in the saddle. In
addition, it was found that the counterpart of the horse type “destrier” –
trained in joust, in Rus` was probably the chronicle “фаръ”. The latter is
mentioned under 1150 in the chronicle. A generally accepted example of the
tournament of 1245 is a description of the classic European hastilude. It is
not surprising that the chronicler calls this battle “iгра”, because in fact,
this type is interpreted literally as a game with spears. In Rus`, “iграми”
were actually called different types of Western European tournaments. We
are talking about equestrian competitions in general, but there were also
hiking fencing. We see that Rus` can distinguish acquaintance with the
exact types of tournament competitions, including combat on foot, joust,
hastiludium and even the usual city tournaments in Europe. In addition,
as in Europe, in the selected plots of the chronicle, we can divide into types
of tournaments, taking into account the criterion of combat safety. Most
of the fights belonged to the “Jousts ʻa Outrance”, or “Justes Martelels
et` a Champ”, – deadly combats, but there also were common a fights for
pleasure, for example event under 1150: the main purpose of which was
to share experiences |
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